The opera was performed for the birthday, February 11, of Charles Eugene, Duke of Württemberg, at the court theatre at Ludwigsburg, the Duke's residence near Stuttgart.
[1][2][3] Vologeso is a twice-over reworking of Lucio Vero a libretto by Apostolo Zeno set by Carlo Pollarolo for Venice in 1700.
That libretto was revised for a production by Guido Lucarelli of Rinaldo di Capua’s setting of 1739.
Jommelli's librettist Mattia Verazi then further revised the 1739 text.
Set in Ephesus circa 164 A.D., the opera centres on a love triangle between Berenice Queen of Armenia, the victorious Roman general Lucio Vero, and Vologeso, the defeated king of the Parthians.