Educational tourism and other non-predatory activities are to be controlled in accordance with the provisions of the National Environmental Council (CONAMA).

[3] Fishermen and other visitors, including the builders of the naval lighthouse at the start of the 20th century, brought in invasive grasses that now cover 11.2 hectares (28 acres) of the island.

[7] The main island is also called the Ilha das Cobras due to the many golden lanceheads (Bothrops insularis), a large and venomous pit viper, so landing is not advised.

The island was separated from the mainland by rising sea levels about 9,000 years ago, and the rodent population disappeared, so the snake adapted to eating birds.

[7] Protected species on or around the islands include the golden lancehead, Sauvage's snail-eater (Dipsas albifrons), green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata), La Plata dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei), smoothback angelshark (Squatina oculata), angular angel shark (Squatina guggenheim) and royal tern (Thalasseus maximus).