Indian Head Mountain stands within the watershed of the Hudson River, which drains into New York Bay.

The southwest and south sides of Indian Head drain into Saw Kill, thence into Esopus Creek, and the Hudson River.

The east end of Indian Head is drained by Plattekill Creek in Plattekill Clove, which runs down the Catskill Escarpment, and into Esopus Creek just above Glenerie Falls.

Indian Head Mountain is contained within New York's Catskill State Park.

The mountain is the easternmost summit on the Devil's Path hiking trail.