Indian barrier state

[3][4] Among the plan's most ardent proponents were Mohawk leader Joseph Brant and Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada John Graves Simcoe.

Instead, the British Crown issued the Proclamation of 1763, which was designed to keep the American settlers east of the Appalachian Mountains and physically separate from the main Indian settlements.

The proclamation left the west under British control but alienated the eastern colonies, which claimed legal rights to most of the land involved.

In the early 1790s, British officials in Canada made an aggressive effort to organize the various tribes into a sort of confederation that would form the basis of an Indian state.

[12] An important impetus was the success of the Indians in destroying one-quarter of the entire United States Army at St. Clair's defeat, also known as the Battle of the Wabash, in November 1791.

London put the barrier state idea on hold and opened friendly negotiations with the Americans that led to the Jay Treaty of 1794.

A 2,000-strong American force surrendered Detroit and the Indian allies took control of parts of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, as well as all of Michigan and Wisconsin and points west.

The Americans won control of Lake Erie, defeated the British at the Battle of the Thames in Upper Canada, and killed Tecumseh.

[20] With the Americans in control of Lake Erie and southwestern Upper Canada, the British were largely cut off from their units in Michigan and Wisconsin.

The British had suffered several major defeats at the hands of American forces during the war in places like Chippawa, Plattsburgh, Baltimore, and New Orleans.

The Treaty of Ghent provided for a restoration of prewar boundaries, which determine most of the eastern stretch of the modern Canada–United States border.