A sinkhole entrance to Binkley Cave opened on the farm at some point prior to a set of explorations in the 1930s.

Subsequent excavations by the Indiana State Museum have determined the bones to originate from Pleistocene Ice Age animals.

Through the use of color dye in waterways, two local springs have been identified as the final destination of two yet unexplored cave passageways.

This weakness along the planes helped lead to breakdown events after the cave's initial formation, leaving behind flat surfaces on the ceilings and walls.

The calcium carbonate, in the form of the mineral calcite, a solid, crystallizes onto the bottoms and sides of existing stalactites, stalagmites, helictites, and sheets of flowstone to grow the formations over time.

Other minerals are brought into the cave by flowing of water to create white, red, tan, and gray colors on the formations and walls.

[6] St. Louis Limestone is primarily made of calcite, but is also known to contain magnesium sulfate, manganese dioxide, ferric oxide, gypsum, dolomite, and aragonite.

The earlier Illinoian glaciation extended glaciers all the way to the Ohio River, but stopped short of the Crawford Upland as the Mitchell Plain, in which Indiana Caverns sits.