It contains the interactions between the actors needed in order to turn an idea into a process, product, or service on the market.
Lundvall in 1985;[1] "however, as he and his colleagues would be the first to agree (and as Lundvall himself points out), the idea actually goes back at least to Friedrich List's conception of "The National System of Political Economy" (1841), which might just as well have been called "The National System of Innovation".
[2] Christopher Freeman coined the expression National Innovation System in his 1988 study of the success of the Japanese economy.
[4] Recently, the debate also started to study the problems that affect green innovation since in addition to the issues typical of innovation generally (such as market failures related to limited appropriability of economic benefits of knowledge), green growth innovation is also hindered by market failures related to the environment (pollution externalities).
For this reason, it is necessary to focus on addressing both kinds of failures in order to drive innovation towards a green growth trajectory.