Input–process–output model of teams

The IPO model suggests that many factors influence a team's productivity and cohesiveness.

Processes are operations and activities that mediate the relationship between the input factors and the team's outcomes.

[1] Specifically, processes can be things such as: Outputs are the consequences of the team's actions or activities.

[2] Whether the team wins or loses, whether their product is of adequate quality, and whether they were successful in completing their goals efficiently are all questions of tangible outcome.

Team outputs were also categorized as productivity/performance, member satisfaction, and innovation by Landy & Conte (2009).