It was established by Bei Shizhang in 1958, from the former Beijing Experimental Biology Institute founded in 1957.
Among other connections, since 2008 it has hosted an intensive course in macromolecular crystallography as a resource closely modeled on the course at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory on Long Island, USA, and involving both US and Chinese instructors.
It takes responsibility for editing two core national natural science journals, namely Progress in Biochemistry & Biophysics and Acta Biophysica Sinica.
The Institute has a research team, with about 400 staff members, 500 graduate students, and 60 visiting scholars and post-docs.
Within the scientific staff, there are 89 Principal Investigators and three technical specialists, of whom 14 are members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.