The Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russian: Институт философии РАН) is the central research institution of Russia which conducts scientific work in the main areas and topical issues of modern philosophical knowledge.

The philosophy department of the University of Moscow had been disbanded in the summer of 1921, however philosophers such as Semyon Frank and Ivan Ilyin attempted to set up temporary courses at the new institute.

Shpet's name was put forward for deportation but Anatoli Lunacharsky, the People's Commissar for Education, intervened and he was allowed to remain in Russia.

On November 23, 1928, the actual unification of the philosophical section of the Communist Academy and the Institute of Scientific Philosophy headed by Abram Deborin.

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, since the end of 1991, the institution has been part of the system of the Russian Academy of Sciences.