Examples include the Renninger negative-result experiment,[1] the Elitzur–Vaidman bomb-testing problem,[2] and certain double-cavity optical systems, such as Hardy's paradox.
[5] Initially proposed as thought experiments by R. H. Dicke in 1981, interaction-free measurements have been experimentally demonstrated in various configurations.
[6][7][8] Interaction-free measurements have also been proposed as a way to reduce sample damage in electron microscopy.
According to contemporary conceptions of counterfactual quantum communication, information can thereby be exchanged without any physical particle / matter / energy being transferred between the parties, without quantum teleportation and without the information being the absence of a signal.
[12] In 2020 research suggested that this is based on some form of relation between the properties of modular angular momentum with massless current of modular angular momentum current crossing the "transmission channel" with their interpretation's explanation not being based on "spooky action at a distance" but properties of a particle being able to "travel locally through regions from which the particle itself is excluded".