[2] One view uses a legal construct of intellectual property to make knowledge a typical scarce resource, so the traditional commodity market mechanism can be applied directly to distribute it.
[5] This transactional approach assumes that knowledge-based products or services are available for distribution, that someone wants to use them, and that the primary focus of the market is to connect the two.
[9] At the marketing end of the spectrum, a number of authors, including Bishop (1996),[10] May (2000),[11] and Tapscott et al. (2000)[12] describe the architecture and processes necessary to succeed in a digital economy.
[15][16] Their focus was to transform traditional retail businesses by developing enterprise-wide platforms that support customer services.
Simard et al. (2007) developed a holistic systems model of knowledge services for government S&T organizations.
[13] There are four types of knowledge services: generate content, develop products, provide assistance, and share solutions.
[17] The stages are: generate, transform, manage, use internally, transfer, enhance, use professionally, use personally, and evaluate.
[13][17] (Simard, 2007) described a rich to reach service delivery spectrum that is segmented into categories of recipients, with associated levels of distribution, interactions, content complexity, and channels.
[13] The categories, from rich to reach, are: unique (once only), complex (science), technical (engineering), specialized (professional), simplified (popular), and mandatory (everyone).
[1][17] Experts-Exchange is fee-based knowledge market which using a virtual currency where buyers can offer payment to have their questions answered.
It connects consumers to the vetted experts who provide paid answers, audio, or video conferencing services.
[23] ChaCha.com and Answerly.com both offer subsidized knowledge markets where researchers are paid to generate answers despite the service remaining free to the question asker.
Amazon.com's NowNow previously offered a subsidized knowledge market for questions asked through mobile phones and as an experimental feature in the company's ebook reader, the Amazon Kindle.