Iprindole

Iprindole, sold under the brand names Prondol, Galatur, and Tertran, is an atypical tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) that has been used in the United Kingdom and Ireland for the treatment of depression but appears to no longer be marketed.

Anticholinergic side effects such as dry mouth and constipation are either greatly reduced in comparison to imipramine and most other TCAs or fully lacking with iprindole.

[10][17] Iprindole has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of the aromatic hydroxylation and/or N-dealkylation-mediated metabolism of many substances including, but not limited to octopamine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, fenfluramine, phenelzine, tranylcypromine, trimipramine, and fluoxetine, likely via inactivating cytochrome P450 enzymes.

[3] As an example, when administered with amphetamine or methamphetamine, iprindole increases their brain concentrations and prolongs their terminal half-lives by 2- to 3-fold, strongly augmenting both their physiological effects and neurotoxicity in the process.

[38][16] Based on animal research, the antidepressant effects of iprindole may be mediated through downstream dopaminergic mechanisms.

Considering the range of its therapeutic concentrations (e.g., 63–271 nM at 90 mg/day),[1] only the actions of iprindole on the 5-HT2 and histamine receptors might be anticipated to be of possible clinical significance.

[1][42] A single oral dose of 60 mg iprindole to healthy volunteers has been found to achieve mean peak plasma concentrations of 67.1 ng/mL (236 nmol/L) after 2 to 4 hours.

[1] The mean terminal half-life of iprindole was 52.5 hours, which is notably much longer than that of other TCAs like amitriptyline and imipramine.