Since at least the 1970s, many Irish political scandals relating to miscarriage of justice, dereliction of duty and corruption by public officials have resulted in the establishment of extra-judicial Tribunals of Enquiry, which are typically chaired by retired High-Court judges and cannot make judgements against any of the parties.
Since 2004 many such scandals have been investigated by the less costly but less transparent Commissions of Investigation.
[1] Many Irish scandals, however, have not resulted in trials or public enquiries.