Israel Ruong (26 May 1903 − 6 April 1986) was a Swedish-Sámi linguist, politician and professor of Sámi languages and culture at the University of Uppsala in Sweden.

His upbringing in Harrok is described in detail in his article "Harrok-ett samiskt nybygge i Pite Lappmark", which was published in the Festschrift for Asbjørn Nesheim entitled Kultur på karrig jord : festskrift til Asbjørn Nesheim.

In 1943, he defended his dissertation entitled Lappische Verbalableitung dargestellt auf Grundlage des Pitelappischen.

Ruong was also involved in Sámi politics and was one of the founding members of the Svenska Samernas Riksförbund [sv] (SSR) in 1950.

In addition to his political and educational work, Ruong also served as the editor-in-chief of the Sámi newspaper Samefolket from 1960 to 1973.