[4] Notable settlements include Koper, Izola, Ankaran, Strunjan (Italian: Strugnano), Piran, Portorož (Portorose), Dragonja (Dragogna), Vanganel, Marezige, Dekani, Spodnje Škofije, and Črni Kal in Slovenia, and Muggia, Stramare (Slovene: Štramar), San Dorligo della Valle, and Trieste in Italy.

The Istrian dialect has lost pitch accent on both long and short vowels, and the Šavrin Hills subdialect has lost differentiation between long and short vowels completely, whereas the Rižana subdialect is in the late stages of losing differentiation.

[8] It has undergone the *ženȁ → *žèna, *məglȁ → *mə̀gla, *visȍk → vìsok, *ropotȁt → *ròpotat,[9] and (partially) *sěnȏ / *prosȏ → *sě̀no / *pròso (e.g., ˈsiːenȯ) shifts.

The consonant *g turned into ɣ in the north and palatal sounds remained, except that *t’ might have changed into ć or č.

Final *m turned into n.[8] In the villages of Kubed, Gračišče, Hrastovlje, Dol pri Hrastovljah, and Zazid, the dialects lack the first monophthongization for *ě, and so it is still pronounced as *eːi̯, and iːe → i̯eː.