Italophilia

Writing before the outbreak of the First World War, the historian Alexander Carlyle noted that "we can without difficulty recognize" not only "the survival of the tradition of the ancient empire" but also a "form of the perpetual aspiration to make real the dream of the universal commonwealth of humanity".

Torrigiano and Zuccari worked in England, Masolino in Hungary, Luca Cambiasi and Pellegrino Tibaldi in Spain, Jacopo Sansovino in Portugal, Morando and others in Poland.

The demand seems to have been greatest in France, more especially at the French court, which employed (among others) Leonardo da Vinci, Rosso, Primaticcio, Niccolò dell'Abbate and Sebastiano Serlio.

[9] William Shakespeare's works show an important level of Italophilia, a deep knowledge of Italy and the Italian culture, like in Romeo and Juliet and The Merchant of Venice.

"[10] In 16th century Spain, cultural Italophilia was also widespread (while the Spanish influence in Southern Italy was also great) and the king Philip IV himself considered Italian as his favourite foreign language.

[11] Themes and styles from il pastor fido were adapted endlessly by German artists, including Opitz, who wrote several poems based on Guarini's text, and Schütz himself, whose settings of a handful of passages appeared in his 1611 book of Italian madrigals.

During the 18th century, Italy was in the spotlight of the European grand tour, a period in which learned and wealthy foreign, usually British or German, aristocrats visited the country due to its artistic, cultural and archaeological richness.

[16] Italian product design, fashion, film, and cuisine and the notion of Italy as the embodiment of la dolce vita for German tourism — all left an imprint on contemporary Italophilia.

Roman civilization was transplanted to many parts of Europe, the Mediterranean basin, North Africa and the Near East in the form of law, architecture, engineering, roads, aqueducts, public baths, sanitation, trade, literature, art, libraries, hospitals and agriculture.

Winston Churchill states: For nearly 300 years Britain, reconciled to the Roman system, enjoyed in many respects the happiest, most comfortable, and most enlightened times its inhabitants have ever had.

Works by poets, authors and historians, such as Ovid, Horace, Catullus, Lucretius, Cicero, Virgil, Livy, and Tacitus had a far-reaching impact on the Western world.

During the Middle Ages, the vitality of Italian merchants was evident throughout Europe, and the resultant trade prompted their invention of financial and business practices which provided the foundation for modern banking, commerce and capitalism.

Indeed, banking (from the Italian word for "bench") can be traced to medieval and early Renaissance Italy, to the rich cities in the north such as Florence, Venice and Genoa.

His ability to portray human emotions distinguished him from the artists of the Middle Ages, and he established a style of painting that would be widely emulated in Italy and, later, elsewhere in Europe.

Italian Renaissance painters and sculptors, such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo Buonarroti, and scores of others of the first rank, were greatly admired and acclaimed, and had a widespread influence on artistic concepts and esthetic standards throughout Europe.

[30][31][32] Aldus Manutius (Aldo Manuzio) (1449 – 1515) was one of the foremost intellectuals and humanists of the Renaissance but is most renowned as an early entrepreneur and innovator in the new printing media.

[34] It first developed in Florence, with Brunelleschi, Alberti and Palladio being among its innovators, and soon spread to other Italian cities, and later to France, Germany, England, Russia and other parts of Europe.

Francis I, king of France, initiated the French Renaissance by attracting many Italian artists, including Leonardo da Vinci, to his court.

Extending Tartaglia's work, Lodovico Ferrari devised a similar method to solve quartic equations, and both solutions were published by Gerolamo Cardano.

The Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus (Italian: Cristoforo Colombo) was the first European to reach the land which is now called North America in 1492, and the subsequent colonization of the continent changed world history forever.

Beginning in the 16th century, Italian states came under the political control of more powerful European monarchies; however, Italy continued to be a source of creative energy in art, science, music and medicine.

Padua's famous anatomical theatre was renowned in Europe at the time, and the great English medical scientist William Harvey received his education there.

It strongly influenced intellectuals and politicians in the Age of Enlightenment and led to a revolution and reform of judiciary systems to the prevailing modern concept.

At the end of the eighteenth century, Italiophilia was not uncommon among the founders of the United States, and some of the creators of the U.S. Constitution, such as Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin, looked to Roman models upon which to base the American systems of government and law.

They taught poetry, statesmanship and trade to the English; military art to the Germans; cuisine to the French; acting and ballet to the Russians; and music to everyone.

[52]In addition to the Philhellene movement, the young English Romantic poets of the early 19th century were also deeply drawn to Italy and its rich culture and history.

In 1861 Italy was united for the first time since the fall of the Roman Empire and became a modern industrialized country, where the tradition of creativity, scientific achievement and excellence in manufacturing continued.

The legacy of Italian scientists Fermi (nuclear power), Meucci (telephone), and Marconi (radio), whose discoveries and inventions transformed the world, is widely recognized.

Italian companies have developed products that are of fundamental importance in contemporary society, such as the Olivetti-developed transistorized mainframe computer systems (Olivetti Elea) and, in 1964, one of the world's first commercial desktop electronic programmable calculators, the Programma 101, invented by Pier Giorgio Perotto.

[69][70][71] Italian cuisine includes deeply rooted traditions common to the whole country, as well as all the regional gastronomies, different from each other, especially between the north, the centre and the south of Italy, which are in continuous exchange.

Dante Alighieri , whose epic Divine Comedy is considered one of the greatest works of western literature . [ 1 ] Unknown artist, 16th century Florence .
The Roman Empire provided an inspiration for the medieval European. Although the Holy Roman Empire rarely acquired a serious geopolitical reality, it possessed great symbolic significance.
William Shakespeare is an example of an Italophile of the 16th century.
John Florio is recognised as the most important Renaissance humanist in England.
The Jefferson Memorial in Washington, D.C. , reflects the president's admiration for classical Roman aesthetics.
Pinocchio Disney film is based on The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi .
Augustus , first Roman Emperor , who created for the first time an administrative region called Italia with inhabitants called "Italicus populus"; for this reason historians called him Father of Italians . [ 17 ]
Saint Benedict , a patron saint of Europe . [ 22 ]
Bologna University , established in 1088 AD, is the world's oldest university in continuous operation .
Leonardo da Vinci 's Mona Lisa is an Italian art masterpiece worldwide famous.
Michelangelo 's Pietà in St. Peter's Basilica
Claudio Monteverdi . A composer of both secular and sacred music , and a pioneer in the development of opera , he is considered a crucial transitional figure between the Renaissance and Baroque periods of music history.
Christopher Columbus ( Italian : Cristoforo Colombo ) led an expedition to the New World in 1492. His voyages are celebrated as the discovery of the Americas from a European perspective, and they opened a new era in the history of humankind and sustained contact between the two worlds.
Galileo Galilei , an astronomer , physicist , engineer , and polymath , played a major role in the Scientific Revolution . He is considered the "father" of observational astronomy , [ 40 ] modern physics, [ 41 ] the scientific method , [ 42 ] and modern science . [ 43 ]
Georges Bastard, Cinquante jours en Italie ("Fifty days in Italy"), 1878, one of the many reports of the " Grand Tour " in Italy.
Alessandro Manzoni is famous for the novel The Betrothed (1827), generally ranked among the masterpieces of world literature . [ 47 ]
Guglielmo Marconi , inventor and electrical engineer , known for his creation of a practical radio wave -based wireless telegraph system. [ 53 ] This led to Marconi being credited as the inventor of radio . [ 54 ]
Enrico Fermi , creator of the world's first nuclear reactor . He has been called the "architect of the nuclear age " [ 55 ] and the "architect of the atomic bomb". [ 56 ]
Giorgio Armani was acclaimed as the most successful designer of Italian origin, and is credited with pioneering red-carpet fashion
The city of Venice , ranked many times as the most beautiful city in the world [ 63 ] [ 64 ]
Clockwise from top left ; some of the most popular Italian foods: pizza Margherita , pasta ( carbonara ), espresso , and gelato