[2] Before 2011 the same hierarchy prevailed, according to Law 2539 of 1997, the Kapodistrias Plan, except that Messenia was a nomos and Ithomi a demos, with seat in Valyra.

The Mavrouzumena flows from north of Ithome more or less in its natural configuration, except that it is dammed just below Valira.

The concept of a dēmos, plural dēmoi, (English deme) or municipality, originated in ancient Greece as a geographic unit of the people.

Leo the Philosopher, a Byzantine emperor, declared the Roman structure abolished in the 9th century.

The archaeological concept that the grand city of Messene was constituted as a magnificent but isolated antique show by Epaminondas, never to be altered or of much practical use thereafter, and remaining today just as it was, is more mythical than not.

Epaminondas reconstituted the quasi-independent city-state of Messenia with capital city at Messene.

Messene remained the capital for several hundred years until the Byzantine Empire moved the seat of Messenia east of Mt.