The Flyers selected Provorov seventh overall in the 2015 NHL Entry Draft, and he signed an entry-level contract with the team that year.

[6] He lived with a billet family, and learned English by attending private school and watching English-language films and television, such as Gladiator.

[5][6] Knights assistant coach Alex Vasko, who recruited Provorov, acted as the player's translator when he first arrived in the US.

[5] In his first season with the Knights, Provorov recorded 61 points in 27 games, and was part of the Tier I 14U national championship team that also included Pavlychev and Daniel Sprong.

[3] Originally, Provorov intended to spend two years with Cedar Rapids before playing college hockey for Penn State or Michigan, but he decided to sign with the Wheat Kings after a conversation with general manager and coach Kelly McCrimmon.

[9] In January 2015, Provorov was invited to the CHL Top Prospects Game, where he played for Team Orr alongside future Philadelphia Flyer Travis Konecny.

[10] He ranked first among WHL rookies in scoring during the 2014–15 season, with 15 goals and 61 points in 60 games,[11] and was a finalist for the CHL Top Draft Prospect Award.

[17] After a strong showing at training camp, Provorov was named to the Flyers' 2016–17 roster on 10 October 2016, where he was paired with veteran defenceman Mark Streit.

[18] He made his NHL debut on 14 October 2016, scoring his first point with an assist in the season opener against the Los Angeles Kings.

He was the third rookie to win the trophy, following Norm Barnes in 1980 and Shayne Gostisbehere in 2016, and was the youngest winner in Flyers history.

[21] That year, the Flyers made an appearance in the Stanley Cup playoffs, where they were eliminated in the first round by the Pittsburgh Penguins.

[36] On 18 February 2021, Provorov surpassed Claude Giroux's 328-game iron man streak when the latter missed a game due to COVID-19 protocols.

TSN Hockey declared him an "[e]xcellent, all-around defenseman with good upside", and praised his "excellent skating ability and a penchant for displaying tremendous mobility on the ice".

[41] Prior to that date, he had not missed a game of hockey since the age of 10, when he contracted chickenpox and stayed home so as not to infect his teammates.

[50] Provorov made his first international hockey appearance at the 2014 IIHF World U18 Championships, playing for Russia.

[55] Russia earned their fourth consecutive World Championship medal, taking the bronze against Finland.

[57] Provorov's pet Golden Retriever, "Drake the Pup Star", has a dedicated social media presence, with more than 1 million followers on Instagram and TikTok.