Located in the southwestern part of the county, it borders the following townships: The village of Byesville is located in central Jackson Township, and the southern end of the city of Cambridge is in the northern part of the township.

Jackson Township was organized in 1824, and named for General Andrew Jackson, afterward seventh President of the United States.

[4] It is one of thirty-seven Jackson Townships statewide.

[6] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

There is also an elected township fiscal officer,[7] who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election.