Jacob Crowninshield (March 31, 1770 – April 15, 1808) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts and appointee to the position of U.S. Secretary of the Navy, which he never filled.

Jacob Crowninshield was born March 31, 1770, in Salem in the Province of Massachusetts Bay.

As a young man, he went into partnership with three of his brothers commanding trade ships between the United States and India.

Their daughter Sarah later married the Salem merchant Richard Saltonstall Rogers.

During the 9th Congress, he was chairman of the United States House Committee on Commerce and Manufactures.