His father worked as a bookseller, and his parents were early adherents to Samson Raphael Hirsch's neo-Orthodox Judaism movement.
He graduated from a Frankfurt grammar school and from the Israelite Religious Society [de] in 1886.
In 1912, he co-founded World Agudath Israel, and served as its president for many years.
[4] Rosenheim emigrated to England following the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany, and from 1941 to 1950, he lived in exile in the United States.
He immigrated to Israel after its independence in 1948 and lived in Jerusalem and Bnei Brak until his death in 1965.