James Abercrombie (February 18, 1792 – July 2, 1861) was an American politician and slave owner, and a United States Representative from Alabama.

He married Evelina Elizabeth Ross, and they had four children, James, Sarah, Jane, and Clara.

During the War of 1812, Abercrombie served as a corporal in Maj. F. Freeman's Squadron of Georgia Cavalry.

He studied law, and served as a member of the Alabama House of Representatives from 1820 to 1822, 1824 to 1825, and 1838 to 1839.

[3] Abercrombie died in Pensacola, Florida on July 2, 1861 (age 69 years, 134 days), and is interred at Linwood Cemetery in Columbus, Georgia.