James Bowman (1784 – 23 August 1846) was an English-born Australian politician and surgeon.
In 1816, he migrated to the colony of New South Wales, and in 1823 he married Mary Isabella Macarthur, daughter of John and Elizabeth Macarthur; they had five children.
He served as one of the first five members of the New South Wales Legislative Council, established in 1823 by letters patent.
He served concurrently as Principal Colonial Surgeon and then until 1 December 1828.
Bowman died at Ravensworth in the Hunter Valley in 1846.