James H. Robinson (died July 26, 1864) was a Union Army soldier who received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the American Civil War.

A resident of Victor Township, Michigan, Robinson enlisted at the age of 18 in the 3rd Michigan Volunteer Cavalry Regiment, and was mustered in as a Private in Company B.

On January 27, 1864 at Brownsville, Arkansas, he performed an act of bravery, single-handedly defending himself against a party of seven enemy guerrillas and killing their leader, that garnered him the Medal of Honor.

Private Robinson received the Medal of Honor on April 4, 1864.

His gravesite is marked with a government issue Medal of Honor marker.