James Hall (April 9, 1802 – August 31, 1889) was an American physician who founded the colony of Maryland-in-Africa.

James studied medicine with Dr. Nathan Smith, and later attended the Medical School of Maine.

He practiced medicine in Claremont, New Hampshire, as well as Windsor, Vermont, until 1829, when rheumatism caused James to lose partial use of his left leg, which necessitated the use of a crutch and cane for the rest of his life.

[3] In 1833, the Maryland State Colonization Society commissioned Hall to establish a new Liberian colony at Cape Palmas.

Hall did so, and served as governor of the colony of Maryland-in-Africa from October 1833 until his resignation in July 1836.