He also studied at Paris, Leiden and the University of St Andrews receiving his MD from the latter in 1792.
[3] In 1825, he fell out with fellow Edinburgh doctor James Crawford Gregory as to whether or not midwifery should be a compulsory component of the University course.
He bypassed the Senate of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh on this issue and received consent directly from the Lord Provost, William Trotter.
He died on 21 November 1839 and was buried with his family in St Cuthberts Churchyard in Edinburgh.
The family vault lies to the south-east of the church close to the entrance to Princes Street Gardens.