James Hamilton (1749–27 October 1835) was a Scottish physician.

For many years, he was a picturesque figure in the city, retaining very old-fashioned manners and dress; he is said to have been the last person who wore the three-cornered cocked hat.

He was most noted for his work entitled 'Observations on the Utility and Administration of Purgative Medicines,' 1805; 8th edit.

Numerous American editions were also published, and it was translated into Italian, German, and French.

(1740–1827), successively of Dunbar, Edinburgh, Leeds, and London, a friend of John Wesley, who is depicted with him in a well-known print by Kay.