[2][3] Prosser studied Microbiology at Queen Elizabeth College in London and was awarded a PhD from the University of Liverpool for research supervised by Tim Gray.

[4] Prosser is a microbial ecologist who has made significant contributions to our understanding of the diversity and ecosystem function of microorganisms in natural environments.

[5][6][7][8][9] A major focus of his research has been the ecology of soil nitrifying bacteria and archaea,[3][10] which significantly reduce the efficiency of nitrogen fertilisers and generate greenhouse gases.

[4] Prosser's research exploits laboratory experimental systems to test ecological concepts and he has developed molecular biology techniques for characterisation of the diversity and activities of complex communities of microorganisms, most of which cannot be cultivated.

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