[citation needed] He is actively involved in the research and development of further vaccines against meningococcal disease and avian and pandemic influenza.

[3][12] During his career, he has introduced several novel scientific concepts: genetic detoxification in 1987;[13] cellular microbiology in 1996;[14] reverse vaccinology in 2000;[15] pan-genome in 2005.

He is a member of numerous international associations, including the European Molecular Biology Organization and the American Society for Microbiology.

He also serves as a member of the research directors group of the European Commission and in 2005[6] was elected to National Academy of Sciences of the United States.

[18] All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License."