James Madison Gaylord (May 29, 1811 – June 14, 1874) was a U.S. Representative from Ohio for one term from 1851 to 1853.

He attended the common schools and the Ohio University at Athens.

At the expiration of his term in Congress he was elected probate judge.

Gaylord was elected Justice of the Peace in 1865, and by successive reelections was continued in that office until his death in McConnelsville, Ohio, June 14, 1874.

This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress