James Morgan Humphrey (September 21, 1819 – February 9, 1899) was an American lawyer and politician who served two terms as a U.S. Representative from New York from 1865 to 1869.

Then he studied law, was admitted to the New York bar in 1847, and commenced practice in East Aurora.

He was District Attorney of Erie County from January 1, 1857, to December 31, 1859, and a member of the New York State Senate (31st d.) in 1864 and 1865.

He was appointed to the Superior court of Buffalo, New York, in 1871 and served until January 1, 1873.

He died in Buffalo, New York, on February 9, 1899, and was buried at the Forest Lawn Cemetery.