James Pattison Walker (17 March 1823 – 14 February 1906, Clacton-on-Sea) was a British surgeon who served as Surgeon-General in the Indian Medical Service.
He was present at the fort of Agra during the 1857 rebellion and was appointed the first Superintendent of the Penal Settlement in the Andamans, which had been created to accommodate prisoners from the 1857 uprising.
In 1855-56 he examined penal institutions in England and sought to make improvements at the Agra Central Prison.
The increased number of prisoners from the "mutiny" had to be accommodated elsewhere and the Penal Colony in the Andamans was chosen and Walker appointed as the Superintendent.
More than 10,000 prisoners were sent to the colony each year where they were subject to forced labour, starvation and abysmal conditions leading to high degree mortality and suicides.