He played college football for the Illinois State Redbirds and signed with the Jacksonville Jaguars as an undrafted free agent in 2020, and was traded to the New York Jets in 2022.

In 2020, Robinson broke the National Football League (NFL) record for most scrimmage yards of any undrafted rookie.

[3] He became the team's starting running back as a sophomore and was named first-team All-Missouri Valley Football Conference (MVFC) after rushing for 933 yards and 12 touchdowns.

[4] Robinson rushed for 1,290 yards and 12 touchdowns in his junior season and was again named first-team All-MVFC as well as a first-team All-American by Phil Steele, a second-team All-American by STATS and HERO Sports and to the Associated Press's third-team and was a finalist for the Walter Payton Award.

[9] Robinson signed with the Jacksonville Jaguars as an undrafted free agent on April 27, 2020, shortly after the conclusion of the 2020 NFL draft.

[11] Robinson made the Jaguars' 53-man regular season roster out of training camp and was announced as the team's starting running back several days later.

[15] A week later, on September 20, 2020, Robinson tallied 120 all-purpose yards and scored his first career touchdown in a 33–30 loss to the Tennessee Titans.

[16] In Week 3, against the Miami Dolphins on Thursday Night Football, he had 129 scrimmage yards and two rushing touchdowns in the 31–13 loss.

[21] Robinson is the fourth undrafted player in NFL history to rush for 1,000 yards in his rookie season, following Dominic Rhodes, LeGarrette Blount, and Phillip Lindsay.

[27] On October 25, 2022, Robinson was traded to the Jets in exchange for a conditional sixth-round pick following an ACL injury to Breece Hall that cut his 2022 season short.