James Scott Negley (December 22, 1826 – August 7, 1901) was an American Civil War General, farmer, railroader, and U.S. Representative from the state of Pennsylvania.

The expedition proved to be a successful demonstration of the Union Army's ability to strike deep into the heart of Confederate held territory.

On the second day of fighting, he led a successful counterattack against Maj. Gen. John C. Breckinridge on the Union left flank.

During the maneuvering that preceded the Battle of Chickamauga, Negley's division, in the advance of Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas's corps, was almost trapped in a cul-de-sac named McLemore's Cove, but command confusion in the Confederate Army of Tennessee allowed them to escape in what became known as the Battle of Davis' Crossroads.

[2] After the Union defeat at Chickamauga, Negley, whose division became scattered during the second day's fighting, was relieved of command, but was acquitted of any wrongdoing during the battle.

The most recent study of his actions is highly critical to the general for vanishing from sight without anyone knowing where to find him.

The community of Negley, Ohio bears his name after being founded by the New York, Pittsburgh & Chicago Railway line.