James Sheridan Muspratt FRSE FRSD (8 March 1821 – 3 February 1871) was an Irish-born research chemist and teacher.

His most influential publication was his two-volume book Chemistry, Theoretical, Practical and Analytical as applied and relating to the Arts and Manufactures (1857–1860).

James Sheridan Muspratt attended private schools in Bootle, Merseyside, and then went with tutors to travel on the European continent.

James Sheridan Muspratt's own cited original research work includes a report on the sulphites (1845) and, with August Wilhelm von Hofmann, on the preparation of toluidine and nitraniline (1845–1846).

The German translation of this book by Friedrich Stohmann was widely read in Germany,[5] which was the leading nation in the field at the time.