[3] Barnes became the leader of the Centre International des Études Fascistes (CINEF) in Lausanne, Switzerland.
[6] Other British founders were Edmund Garratt Gardner and Walter Starkie; George Clarke, 1st Baron Sydenham of Combe and Arnold Leese were members.
[7] Strachey's The Universal Aspects of Fascism was published in CINEF's journal, along with articles by Edmundo Rossoni, Augusto Turati and Gioacchino Volpe.
[8] His 1928 book The Universal Aspect of Fascism received some attention both in Italy and in Europe.
[12] On the idea of Fascism, he described:Fascism may be defined generally as a political and social movement having as its objective the re-establishment of a political and social order, based upon the main current of traditions that have formed our European civilisation, traditions created by Rome, first by the Empire and subsequently by the Catholic Church.