James Maurice Wilson (6 November 1836, Castletown, Isle of Man – 15 April 1931, Steep, Hampshire) was a British priest in the Church of England as well as a theologian, teacher and astronomer.

Wilson was a major figure in the development and reform of Victorian public schools and promoted the teaching of science, which had until then been neglected.

He made astronomical observations (particularly of double stars) at Temple Observatory at Rugby with his former student George Mitchell Seabroke.

With Joseph Gledhill and Edward Crossley, Wilson co-wrote Handbook of Double Stars in 1879, which became a standard reference work in astronomy.

While at Clifton, he successfully pushed for the creation of St Agnes Park in Bristol, as part of a plan to improve the lives of the urban poor.

In April 1890, he addressed girls at St Leonards School, stressing the connection of religion with their possible role as university students and social workers whilst assisting women such as Octavia Hill to alleviate the plight of the "labouring masses, and in particular the (poor) women and girls of England".