Japanese particles are written in hiragana in modern Japanese, though some of them also have kanji forms: (弖 or 天 for te て; 爾 for ni に; 乎 or 遠 for o を; and 波 for wa は).
Particles follow the same rules of phonetic transcription as all Japanese words, with the exception of は (written ha, pronounced wa as a particle), へ (written he, pronounced e) and を (written using a hiragana character with no other use in modern Japanese, originally assigned as wo, now usually pronounced o, though some speakers render it as wo).
が,ga,の,no,を,o,[a]に,ni,へ,e,[a]と,to,で,de,から,kara,よりyoriが, の, を, に, へ, と, で, から, よりga, no, o,[a] ni, e,[a] to, de, kara, yoriか,ka,の,no,や,ya,に,ni,と,to,やら,yara,なり,nari,だのdanoか, の, や, に, と, やら, なり, だのka, no, ya, ni, to, yara, nari, danoか,ka,の,no,や,ya,な,na,わ,wa,とも,tomo,かしらkashiraか, の, や, な, わ, とも, かしらka, no, ya, na, wa, tomo, kashiraさ,sa,よ,yo,ねneさ, よ, ねsa, yo, neばかり,bakari,まで,made,だけ,dake,ほど,hodo,くらい,kurai,など,nado,なり,nari,やらyaraばかり, まで, だけ, ほど, くらい, など, なり, やらbakari, made, dake, hodo, kurai, nado, nari, yaraは,wa,[a]も,mo,こそ,koso,でも,demo,しか,shika,さえ,sae,だにdaniは, も, こそ, でも, しか, さえ, だにwa,[a] mo, koso, demo, shika, sae, daniば,ba,や,ya,が,ga,て,te,のに,noni,ので,node,から,kara,ところが,tokoroga,けれども,keredomo,くせにkuseniば, や, が, て, のに, ので, から, ところが, けれども, くせにba, ya, ga, te, noni, node, kara, tokoroga, keredomo, kuseniの,no,からkaraの, からno, karaNote that some particles appear in two types.
Ga (が or ヶ): Historical possessive used to connect nouns, most often seen in place names as ヶ Etymology: ka + na Etymology: ka + shira, the irrealis form (i.e. negative form minus the -nai) of shiru "to know" There is no direct translation, but roughly analogous to "precisely" or "exactly", as in examples below.
te form of Japanese verbs) The wa part is the topic particle.Serves as emphasis for a negative ending.
Sae implies (usually) positive emphasis that the evident extent of something is greater than initially expected.
Sura implies (usually) negative emphasis that the evident extent of something is less than initially expected.
To mo (no kanji): "even if, even though; at the ...-est; whether; [emphasis]"If following a noun and used with a negative verb, meaning changes to "none".
For example, ni must be used in the sentence 十一時に寝ます (Juu ichi ji ni nemasu "I will go to sleep at 11 o'clock") to mark the numerical time (十一時) but it is not used with the relative time words like tomorrow (明日), yesterday (昨日), today (今日), last week (先週), next month (来月), etc.
For example, in the sentence 私は昨日仕事に行きませんでした (watashi wa kinou shigoto ni ikimasen deshita "I did not go to work yesterday") no particle is needed for "yesterday" (昨日), but ni is used to mark the goal of movement (仕事に).
"あのAnoThat人は、hito-wa,person-TOPICギターにgitā-niguitar-TOついてtsuiteconcerning何でもnandemoanythingわかる。wakaru.knows.あの 人は、 ギターに ついて 何でも わかる。Ano hito-wa, gitā-ni tsuite nandemo wakaru.That person-TOPIC guitar-TO concerning anything knows.