Empagliflozin

Empagliflozin, sold under the brand name Jardiance (/ˈdʒɑːrdiəns/ JAR-dee-əns), among others, is an antidiabetic medication used to improve glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes.

[2] Common side effects include hyperventilation, anorexia, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, mental status changes, hypotension, acute kidney injury, and vaginal yeast infections.

[2] Rarer but more serious side effects include a skin infection of the groin called Fournier's gangrene and a form of diabetic ketoacidosis with normal blood sugar levels.

[12] In the European Union, empagliflozin is indicated in people aged ten years of age and older for the treatment of insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes as an adjunct to diet and exercise;[13] as monotherapy when metformin is considered inappropriate due to intolerance;[13] in addition to other medicinal products for the treatment of diabetes.

[12][32][33] In June 2023, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) expanded the indication, as an addition to diet and exercise, to improve blood sugar control in children 10 years and older with type 2 diabetes.

[34] Empagliflozin is an inhibitor of the sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2), which is found almost exclusively in the proximal tubules of nephronic components in the kidneys.

[49] For cardiovascular death, the FDA based its decision on a postmarketing study it required when it approved empagliflozin in 2014, as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes.

[33] As of May 2013, Boehringer and Lilly had submitted applications for marketing approval to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

[55][56] A higher percentage of people taking empagliflozin achieved weight loss greater than 5% from their baseline, which has been associated with improved glucose control.

[57] Empagliflozin has been shown to reduce systolic blood pressure by 3 to 5 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) without changes in pulse rate.