Through White settlement, encroachment, and confrontation, the various indigenous groups were forced to cede their claim to the area.

In October 1818, the Pottawattamies, Weas, and Delawares ceded their lands west of the Tippecanoe River to the government.

In a treaty dated October 23, 1826, the Pottawattamies and Miamis ceded all their lands east of the Tippecanoe.

Northwestern Indiana was also less desirable for initial settlement, the land being described as alternate swamps, sterile sand ridges and flat, wet prairies.

The state legislature passed an omnibus bill[7][page needed] that authorized thirteen counties[8] and described their boundaries, although their governing structures were not established at that time.

[1][page needed] The official date of formation of the Jasper County government is given as March 15, 1838.

William Jasper, a famous scout for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War.

[9] Jasper became famous in 1776, during the bombardment of Fort Moultrie, for erecting a new flagstaff under fire after the American flag had been shot down.

In 1859 the county of Newton was revived but with smaller area than before, leaving Jasper in its present form.

[12] The war greatly affected Jasper County when 935 soldiers were enlisted on behalf of the Union.

[13] In comparing the proportions of men able to fight, Indiana contributed more soldiers than any other state to the Union.

[15] Until the middle of the 19th century when it was drained to make farmland, this county was part of the second largest freshwater wetland in the US, with abundant flora and fauna.

[17] The municipalities in Jasper County, and their populations as of the 2020 census, are: The 13 townships of Jasper County, with their populations as of the 2020 census, are: Residents of Jasper County attend public schools administered by four different districts in multiple counties: High Schools Middle Schools Elementary Schools In recent years, average temperatures in Rensselaer have ranged from a low of 14 °F (−10 °C) in January to a high of 85 °F (29 °C) in July, although a record low of −25 °F (−32 °C) was recorded in January 1985 and a record high of 104 °F (40 °C) was recorded in August 1988.

The commissioners are charged with executing the acts legislated by the council, collecting revenue, and managing the day-to-day functions of the county government.

The judge on the court is elected to a term of four years and must be a member of the Indiana Bar Association.