Some Java compilers output optimized machine code for a particular hardware/operating system combination, called a domain specific computer system.
An example would be the now discontinued GNU Compiler for Java.
[1] The most common form of output from a Java compiler is Java class files containing cross-platform intermediate representation (IR), called Java bytecode.
[2] The Java virtual machine (JVM) loads the class files and either interprets the bytecode or just-in-time compiles it to machine code and then possibly optimizes it using dynamic compilation.
A standard on how to interact with Java compilers was specified in JSR 199.