Jean-Baptist David was born in the Belgian city of Lier.
As a professor he worked together with Jan Frans Willems and was president of the first and second Taelcongres that resulted in the language unity between the Netherlands and Flanders.
He also wrote several books on the history of Flanders, and produced the first modern edition of the works of Jan van Ruusbroec (5 vols., Maetschappy der Vlaemsche Bibliophilen, Ghent, 1858–1868).
To his honour, the Davidsfonds was founded in 1875 with the purpose to promote the Flemish literature, culture and history.
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