Jean Chapeauville (January 5, 1551 – May 11, 1617) was a theologian, historian and vicar general in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège.
In 1587, Pope Sixtus V appointed him the first penitentiary canon of Saint Lambert's Cathedral, Liège.
Meanwhile, in 1582, Chapeauville had been nominated Inquisitor of the Faith, and in 1598, Ernest of Bavaria, Prince-Bishop of Liège, appointed him vicar general, in which office he was retained, despite his protests, by Bishop Ernest's successor, Ferdinand of Bavaria.
He endeavoured to enforce in the diocese the reforms decided upon by the Council of Trent, particularly the establishment of the Diocesan Seminary of Liège and the concursus for the nomination of parish priests.
He published a collection of the chief works on the history of the bishops of Liège, and wrote an account of the episcopate of Liège, commencing with Érard de La Marck (1506) and ending with the year 1613.