[5] Located in the eastern part of the county, Jefferson Township consists of a large section and many small "islands".

Most of these islands are surrounded by either Gahanna or Columbus, cities that have annexed most of the western and southern parts of the township.

This has caused the topography in the township to be more varied then some of the surrounding areas from the resulting from these stream corridors, hills, ravines, and slopes much of it associated with the waterways, tributaries, and floodplain that Jefferson Township is in from Rocky Fork, Blacklick, and Swisher Creeks[6] The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Dfa" (Hot Summer Continental Climate).

[6] The first settlement in what became Jefferson Township by settlers of European descent was established in 1802 or 1803 [8] after beneficiaries of land grants for service in the Revolutionary War began to occupy and farm the area.

[10] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

[13] The majority of the township is in the Gahanna-Jefferson Public School District with some additional parts in the boundaries of Columbus, Licking Heights, and Reynoldsburg Unified School Districts as well.