Jelena Petrova (born June 6, 1989) is an Estonian former swimmer, who specialized in long-distance freestyle events.

Petrova qualified for the women's 800 m freestyle, as Estonia's youngest swimmer (aged 15), at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, by clearing a FINA B-standard entry time of 9:00.40 from the European Junior Championships in Lisbon, Portugal.

Petrova cruised to third place by two tenths of a second (0.20) behind fellow 15-year-old Kwon You-Ri of South Korea in 9:01.62.

Petrova failed to advance into the final, as she placed twenty-third overall in the preliminaries.

[3][4] She holds Estonian record in 800m freestyle swimming (Short Course).