Keratinocytes, which form the outer layer of the skin, not only act as a physical barrier but also release a protein called thymic stromal lymphopoietin.
When stimulated, they release various substances that promote inflammation, such as histamine, platelet activating factor, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, proteases, and cytokines.
[3] The symptomatology of jellyfish stings encompasses a variety of reactions experienced by individuals who come into contact with these aquatic creatures.
In a comprehensive study conducted across three Marine stations, it was observed that an alarming 79% of fishermen reported a history of being stung by jellyfish.
Using a plastic object like a credit card to brush off the tentacles effectively removes them, while vigorously rubbing the skin can exacerbate the irritation by increasing toxin release.
Contrary to popular belief, immersing the wound in cool fresh water may worsen symptoms by increasing toxin release.
Vinegar has been known to increase the nematocyst discharge in Portuguese man o' war (P. physalis) and the Atlantic sea nettle (C.
In-vitro studies indicate that human urine can trigger toxin release and increase pain caused by various jellyfish species.
The most effective measure for treating a jellyfish sting is immersing the affected area in a hot bath with water temperature between 40 and 45 °C (104 and 113 °F) for approximately 20 minutes.
Additionally, it is important to protect the affected area with total sunblock sunscreen for at least two weeks to prevent permanent skin darkening resulting from the inflammatory reaction.