In the Western hemisphere, these areas include Mexico, northern South America and southeast Brazil.

While stings from this species will rarely result in death, side effects can include numbness, tingling, convulsions, difficult breathing, and occasionally, paralysis.

The pain of a sting from the Arizona Bark Scorpion has been compared to being struck by a bolt of lightning or electrical current.

Some of the more severe side effects include respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary edema, cardiac dysfunction, impaired hemostasis, pancreatitis, and multiple organ failure.

This treatment is composed of three different aspects of the sting: symptomatic measures, vital functions support, and injection antivenom.

The compounds consist of neurotoxins, cardiotoxin, nephrotoxin, hemolytic toxin, phosphodiesterases, phospholipase, histamine, serotonin, etc.

Neurotoxins work to change voltage-dependent sodium channels, resulting in prolonged neuronal and neuromuscular activity.

This position leads to the prolonged and continuous firing of neurons in the somatic, sympathetic, and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Continuous firing of neurons causes over excitation and prevents the transmission of normal nerve impulses down the axon.

Upon injection with the venom, sacral parasympathetic nerve are stimulated causing a change in the neuronal transmission in vascular and nonvascular smooth muscles.

Scorpions that possess the ability to inject toxic venom with their sting belong to the family Buthidae.

The Middle East and North Africa are home to the deadliest scorpions, belonging to the genera Buthus, Leiurus, Androctonus, and Hottentotta.