Joel Thompson (October 3, 1760 – February 8, 1843) was an American politician and attorney who served as a United States Representative from New York.
Born in Stanford in the Province of New York, he attended the common schools in Smyrna.
He studied law, was admitted to the bar and practiced in Duanesburg and Sherburne.
He was assistant justice of the court of common pleas of Chenango County from July 1799 to June 1807, when he became judge of Chenango County, serving until March 16, 1814.
He resumed the practice of law in Sherburne, New York.