Johann Anton Güldenstädt (26 April 1745 in Riga, Latvia – 23 March 1781 in St. Petersburg, Russia) was a Baltic German naturalist and explorer in Russian service.
Güldenstädt lost both his parents early, and from 1763 onwards studied pharmacy, botany and natural history in Berlin.
Güldenstädt travelled through Ukraine and the Astrakhan region, as well as the northern Caucasus and Georgia, both of which were almost entirely beyond the borders of the Russian empire.
After the expedition, which definitively established Güldenstädt's reputation at the Academy, he continued to work as a naturalist.
This included both its "natural" attributes — flora, fauna, geography, and geology — and its peoples, economy, and government.