Johann Gildemeister (20 July 1812 – 11 March 1890) was a German Orientalist born in Kröpelin.
He studied Oriental languages and theology at the Universities of Göttingen and Bonn and graduated from the latter institution in 1838.
Following a study trip to Leiden and Paris, he became a lecturer at Bonn, where he taught classes in Sanskrit, Oriental languages and literature as well as Old Testament exegesis.
In 1845 he relocated to the University of Marburg as a professor of theology and Oriental literature.
With historian Heinrich von Sybel, he was the author of ''Der heilige Rock zu Trier und die zwanzig andern heiligen ungenähten Röcke, a controversial work that argued against the authenticity of the Holy Coat of Trier.